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DR DARAGH MCGREAL

ECONOMIC & SOCIAL CONSULTANT

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THE ECONOMICS OF MARRIAGE EQUALITY

Here's an overview of the potential economic impact of the marriage referendum. This video was released through thejournal.ie. A more detailed analysis is below.

 

The Marriage Equality referendum is on Friday. We have been asked to Vote No and to Vote Yes, and have been told to think about religion, equality, and the family. These arguments are fine, but they are divisive. So can we get around this so that we can speak objectively? One approach could be to look at the economic consequence of a Yes or No vote.

To do this, we firstly need to know how many same-sex couples we have, which we don’t: Census data doesn’t distinguish between ‘partner’ and ‘same-sex partner’ and so is of no use. And we also don’t know the size of the gay population, although oe recent estimate put this at 4%,[1] which is close to estimates in Australia (3%) and the US (3.5%),[2] and around the midpoint of UK estimates that range from 1.5% to 6%.[3]

So if we take that 4% and apply it to the most recent estimate of the Irish population,[4] we have a relatively conservative gay population of 184,384. By applying the current marriage rate of 4.8 per 1,000,[5] we get 885 same-sex weddings for a full-year. Going with that and taking the cost of weddings (excluding honeymoons) in 2014 of €19,625[6] leaves us with a direct economic impact of same-sex wedding of €17m. This is shown below.

 

Proportion LGBT: 4%

Irish Population: 4,609,600

LGBT Population (est.): 184,384

Marriage Rate: 4.8 per 1,000

Same-sex Weddings (est.): 885

Wedding (excl. honeymoon): €19,625

Economic Impact: €17,368,972

Of course, this calculation is simplifying things. For example, the costs of opposite-sex weddings will increase because of greater demand for wedding services, and this will also result in higher costs for same-sex weddings. Also, in the first year there will be pent up demand so the impact will be higher then. So our figure is probably wrong (though maybe not in long term) and it is easily challenged. But it’s simple, and it gets us thinking.

And when we do think, we can see secondary effects

In relation to the state:

In relation to the state:

  • Income tax receipts will go up if the couple’s earnings are within a band limit either side of the average wage but will go down if only one partner works, both factors due to the tax individualisation system,
  • Property tax receipts will go up if couples decide to buy homes together but won’t change if they continue to rent,
  • Inheritance tax receipts will fall due to marriage exemptions,
  • VAT receipts will go up as a result of investments in lifestyle products and will fall due to pooled resources for day-to-day shopping,
  • Social security payments will be lower in periods when one partner is unemployed due to means testing,
  • Administrative costs will increase due to the need to employ more registrars and the reprinting of documentation. 

And in relation to the broad economy, we can expect:

  • More employment opportunities in the hospitality sector,
  • Better competitiveness as multinationals are in favour of same-sex marriage (Feb 2013: 60 multinational companies backed this in a US Supreme Court amicus brief),
  • More tourists from the €150bn gay tourism market,[7]
  • Foreign weddings from Northern Ireland,
  • More high-skilled LGBT workers from outside Ireland,
  • And LGBT workers who will feel less discriminated against in the workplace (18% felt so in 2012).[8]

So a Yes vote would clearly affect the state and the economy in ways we mostly can’t calculate. A No vote would keep things as they are and may cause harm to the economy.

Importantly, the direct economic benefit of €17m isn’t a small sum. It’s the same amount, for example, as the funding the state gives to 60 services for domestic and sexual violence,[9] or the funding given to all of the state’s youth crime programmes,[10] or the level of investment made by a pharma company in Galway that led to the creation of 100 jobs.[11] But we know we can’t calculate the full impact of marriage equality. We can only guess and can only go on what has been said elsewhere: “marriage equality has made our City more open, inclusive and free – and it has also helped to create jobs and support our economy.”[12]

So if you were undecided before, you can still think about the morals, or equality, or the family; but now, you can also think about the money.


[1] Irish Times / Ipsos MRBI Family Values 2015

[2] Cited in O’Brien, IT, 27 March 2015

[3] 6% (Government, 2005), 1.5% (ONS, 2010), 1.5% (ONS, 2013)

[4] CSO, PEA15

[5] CSO, 31 March 2015

[6] MrsBe Irish Wedding Survey 2014

[7] Gay European Tourism Association, 2012

[8] EU FRA: EU LGBT Survey (summer 2012), 2013

[9] 60 services for domestic and sexual violence - PQ 7692/15

[10] All of the state’s youth crime programmes - PQ 7753/15

[11] 100-job pharma company investment in Galway - PQ 1184/15

[12] New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, Press Release, July 2012